“Summa Rudis”, The Referee, "Hail, Emperor, Those Who Are About to Die Salute You," Gladiators--single figure witth rude and raised laurel wreath
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Item Number: GLAD-16
“Summa Rudis”, The Referee, "Hail, Emperor, Those Who Are About to Die Salute You," Gladiators--single figure witth rude and raised laurel wreath
GLADIATORS
"HAIL, EMPEROR, THOSE WHO ARE ABOUT TO DIE SALUTE YOU."
Gladiators were armed combatants who entertained audiences in the Roman Republic and Roman Empire in violent confrontations with other gladiators, wild animals and condemned criminals.
Some gladiators were volunteers who risked their lives and their legal and social standing by appearing in the arena, but most were despised as slaves, schooled under harsh conditions, socially marginalized and even segregated even in death. Irrespective of their origin, gladiators offered spectators an example of Rome’s martial ethics and in fighting or dying well, they could inspire admiration and popular acclaim. They were celebrated in high and low art, and their value as entertainers was commemorated in precious and commonplace objects throughout the Roman world.
"SUMMA RUDIS," THE REFEREE
In the arena between the gladiatorial fighters there was a referee (summa rudis) who supervised the fight.
These referees held long sticks or rods (rudes) to indicate illegal movements or to urge fighters.
Usually, these referees were retired or liberated gladiators.
Due to be released in SEPTEMBER 2025.
